Old photographs, stamps and film · The Hofstra photographs
Panguma,1934–36
The Dutch anthropologist Sjoerd Hofstra lived in Panguma, a Mende town in the Lower Bambara chiefdom in the east, from 1934 to 1936, studying everyday life, work and the societies. He photographed a whole year of it: clearing and planting the rice farms, harvesting palm kernels, weaving, masquerades and burials, and the people of the town, some by name. They are shown here by subject, with near-identical shots gathered together; most of the people in them are still unnamed. If you know Panguma, or recognise someone, tell us.
Many were made by colonial officials, missionaries and foreign visitors. Titles and descriptions come from the collections that hold them and can carry the attitudes and language of their time. We show them as historical records, not as endorsements. Dates, eras and categories were assigned automatically from those records and some will be wrong. If you or your family appear in a picture, you hold rights to one, a detail is wrong, or you think a picture should not be here, press “Report this picture” under it: your note reaches our editors with the picture attached, and they can take it down straight away. You can also write to hello@dt-ets.com.
01
The rice farms
Midday meal for farm worker group, Panguma late 1934 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 095
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Five men, one boy clearing in a rice field with various tools 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 098
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Three men in foreground, one in a white garb in background clearing a rice field with tools 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 099
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Clearing and burning the bush from the rice fields, Panguma early 1934 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 100
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Tilling the future rice fields, accompanied by a drummer, Panguma early 1934 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 105
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Drummer pictured at centre of frame in a cleared rice field, smoke rising to the right 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 107
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
The dummer who accompanies the work on the rice fields, Panguma early 1934 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 110
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Tilling the future rice fields, Panguma early 1934 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 113
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Clearing and burning the bush from the rice fields, Panguma late 1934 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 133
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Clearing and burning the future rice fields, Panguma early 1934 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 142
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Landscape foto of rice field 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 197
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Farm hut in the main rice farm for cooking and taking shelter from fierce sun or rain, Panguma late 1934 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 208
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows nudity. Many old pictures like this were taken by European visitors, colonial officials and missionaries, and we often cannot know whether the people in them agreed.
Harvesting the rice, Panguma late 1934 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 210
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Harvesting the rice, Panguma late 1934 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 216
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Drying the rice, Panguma late 1934 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 239
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Harvesting the rice fields, Panguma late 1934 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 300
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Cleaning and burning the bush from the rice fields, Panguma early 1934 1934
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra2.11
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
The drummer who accompanies the work on the rice fields, Panguma (Sierra Leone), early 1934 1934
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra2.15
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Farm hut in the main rice farm for cooking and taking shelter from fierce sun or rain, Panguma (Sierra… 1934
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra4.12
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Midday meal of farm worker group, Panguma late 1934 1934
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra4.13
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
About fifteen people clearing a rice farm, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone031
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Two heaps of rice just cut from the farm, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone032
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Six people clearing a rice farm, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone035
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Clearing a rice farm, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone036
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Farm hut on the rice farm, for cooking and shelter from sun and rain, Panguma, 1934 Photographed late 1934
Original title: SierraLeone039
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
02
Palm oil and palm kernels
Unidentified man in palm oil field, Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 145
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Sjoerd Hofstra with wife Woutje and inlaws, possibly Madeira / Las Palmas 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 170
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Landscape/ horizon of palm trees Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 198
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Two women working and extracting oil in a palm oil field 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 207
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Palm oil trees, Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 214
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Drying the palm kernels, Panguma late 1934 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 215
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Palm tree in centre, in foreground are branches of bushes 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 240
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Pointed hill in the centre of frame surrounded by palmtrees 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 250
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Palmtree-tops 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 257
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Palm tree, Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 258
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Man climbing in palm tree, Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 259
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Unidentified plant in palm oil field 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 261
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows nudity. Many old pictures like this were taken by European visitors, colonial officials and missionaries, and we often cannot know whether the people in them agreed.
Woman extracting oil from the palm kernels, Panguma 1934 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 264
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Tall hill surrounded by palm trees 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 267
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Man working in a field with palm oil trees 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 275
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows nudity. Many old pictures like this were taken by European visitors, colonial officials and missionaries, and we often cannot know whether the people in them agreed.
Woman extracting oil from the palm kernels, Panguma late 1934 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 283
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Shot of three palm trees with hills in the background 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 294
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Man stood centre holding palm oil fruit 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 304
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A palm tree 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 305
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Man stood centre holding oil palm fruit 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 306
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Field with palm trees, Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 309
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Palm trees, Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 317
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Man climbing on palm tree, Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 329
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Palm trees with a small hut to right of frame 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 352
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Palm trees with tall pointed hill to the right of photo 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 357
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Landscape shot in Sierra Leone - very tall hill surrounded by palm trees 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 358
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Part of palm tree, Panguma 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 399
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Climbing a palm tree, Panguma late 1934 1934
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra5.1
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A European, probably Sjoerd Hofstra, among palm trees, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone005
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A man climbing a palm tree, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone026
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows nudity. Many old pictures like this were taken by European visitors, colonial officials and missionaries, and we often cannot know whether the people in them agreed.
Woman extracting oil from palm kernels, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone028
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A man beside a heap of palm nuts, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone029
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A man pressing oil from palm kernels, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone030
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
03
Weaving and spinning
Four women sat on the ground, spinning cloth 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 088
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Woman sat (maybe washing clothes?) 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 288
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Shot taken from afar - group of people gathered wearing white clothing between two buildings 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 335
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Women spinning, Panguma (Sierra Leone), 1934 1934
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra4.5
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Boy posing with Poro Clothing, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone023
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Four women spinning cotton in front of a house, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone027
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
04
Masquerades, music and ceremonies
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
A Poro boy sitting on a mat while a man prepares for the ceremony, Panguma 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 008
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Four men, one wearing the falui mask of a one-armed warrior spirit, outside the guesthouse, Panguma 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 010
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Group of villagers wearing Mende Bundu helmet mask at the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 013
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Four men standing with one wearing the falui mask, at the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 016
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Villagers gathered for a ceremony, Panguma 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 049
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Group of villagers wearing bundu masks at the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 086
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Burial ceremony, Panguma 1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 132
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Musicians, Panguma 1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 135
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Small child sitting on a mat in home, being dressed in Poro outfit 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 148
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Four man standing with one wearing the falui mask, at the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 149
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Small child sitting on a mat in home, preparing to be dressed in Poro outfit 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 153
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
A man and a child during a ceremony at home, Panguma 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 160
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Ceremonial objects in a home, Panguma 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 162
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
A man during a ceremony, Panguma 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 163
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
A man during a ceremony at home, a child sitting on the floor, Panguma 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 164
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Child sitting on the floor, a Poro outfit is sat next to him 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 165
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A motion shot - man holding a drum looking up 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 209
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Picture of masked 'gbini' dancer, Panguma 1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 218
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Group of villagers wearing bundu mask at the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 224
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A man at a ceremony by a tree, Panguma 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 226
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
A 'falui' masker, a one-armed warrior spirit, Panguma 1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 237
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Men gathered with masked 'gbini' dancer, Panguma 1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 238
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Two men, one being the leader of the religious ceremony dividing the ceremonial food 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 248
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
The leader of the religious ceremony dividing the ceremonial food 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 278
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A group of men facing the camera, the man in the centre in ceremonial dress, Panguma 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 285
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Masked 'gbini' dancer, Panguma 1936, man playing drum to the right while others look on 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 295
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Men in motion around the masked 'gbini' dancer, Panguma 1936 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 297
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Two men at a ceremony by a tree, Panguma 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 323
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
The leader of the religious ceremony making the ceremonial food 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 326
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
The leader of the religious ceremony making the ceremonial food, a man standing beside him 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 333
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Men in motion with masked 'gbini' dancer, Panguma 1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 336
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Group of people in motion with masked 'gbini' dancer, Panguma 1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 338
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A gathering, some in the centre wearing ceremonial headdresses, Panguma 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 340
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Men dancing in headdresses at a ceremony, Panguma 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 342
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Boys returning from their initiation in the Poro, Panguma 1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 370
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Poro masked figures seen from above, Panguma 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 371
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
A Poro ceremony seen from above, people in the centre in headdresses, Panguma 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 372
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Masqueraders, Panguma 1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 377
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Group of people standing in front of masked 'gbini' dancer, Panguma 1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 379
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
4 men front standing in front of asked 'gbini' dancer, Panguma 1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 380
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Masked Bundu dancer with her retinue, Panguma 1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 381
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Masked 'gbini' dancer, Panguma (Sierra Leone), 1936 1936
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra7.11
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Little boy in Poro outfit, Panguma (Sierra Leone), 1936 1936
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra7.14
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Burial ceremony, Panguma (Sierra Leone), 1936 1936
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra7.8
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A boy sitting on a mat while a man prepares for the ceremony, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone014
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Bundu (Sande) masked dancers at the guesthouse, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone015
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Three masqueraders at a dance, possibly Poro 'nafali', Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone019
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
A 'falui' masker, a one-armed warrior spirit, Panguma 1936 Photographed 1936
Original title: SierraLeone020
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A 'gbetu' masquerader, Panguma (Sierra Leone) 1936 Photographed 1936
Original title: SierraLeone021
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows a Poro or Sande (Bondo) society ceremony, dancer or object. Some of what the societies do is for members only; it is shown here for its history
Bundu (Sande) dancing, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone024
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A musician playing, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone025
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
05
The town
Landscape, Sierra Leone, 1934-1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 004
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Woutje Hofstra in house, 1934-1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 005
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Panguma Village in Sierra Leone with villagers, 1934-1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 015
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Sjoerd Hofstra in guest house, Panguma 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 017
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Inside of Guest House, residence of Sjoerd Hofstra, Panguma Village 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 018
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Bedroom in Guest House, residence of Sjoerd Hofstra, Panguma Village 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 019
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Woutje Hofstra standing in front of Guest House, residence of Sjoerd Hofstra 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 021
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Woutje Hofstra seated in front of Guest House, residence of Sjoerd Hofstra 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 022
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Nurse Ndoko in the garden of the Guest House, residence of Sjoerd Hofstra 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 023
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
People standing on the side of the road 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 030
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Three men with two dogs standing on the side of the road 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 033
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Man sitting in the backyard of the guesthouse, Panguma 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 044
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Sjoerd Hofstra sitting behind his desk in the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 046
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Unidentified villagers in Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 047
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Two woman sitting on a bench in the yard of the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 051
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Group standing in the yard of the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 053
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Woman sitting and posing in the yard of the guest house 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 055
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Women and men standing in a line in the yard of the guest house 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 056
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Two young men standing in the yard of the guest house 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 061
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Two women and a men standing and sitting in the yard of the guest house 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 063
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Young men sitting in the steps of the guest house 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 064
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Man posing in the yard of the guest house 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 065
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Three men posing in the yard of the guest house 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 067
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Sjoerd Hofstra sitting in the window of the guest house 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 075
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Villagers standing in a group while men are working on instruments 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 097
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Sjoerd Hofstra standing with two unidentified men in the yard of the guest house 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 118
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Sjoerd Hofstra standing in the yard of the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 119
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Interpreter Thomas Conteh standing in the yard of the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 121
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Man and woman sitting in front of the guest house 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 122
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Nurse Ndoko and posing in the yard of the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 123
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Panguma Village in Sierra Leone with villager, 1934-1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 124
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Man and woman posing in the yard of the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 125
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Man and young boy/girl standing in the yard of the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 128
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Group of villagers posing in Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 130
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows nudity. Many old pictures like this were taken by European visitors, colonial officials and missionaries, and we often cannot know whether the people in them agreed.
Group of villagers, Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 143
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A double exposure depicting children and mothers seated in the village 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 154
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Unidentified villagers eating and cooking, Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 157
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Woman with small child standing in the yard of the guesthouse 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 159
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Woman posing in the yard of the guesthouse 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 168
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Two man standing in the yard of the guesthouse 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 177
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Dog and villagers, Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 181
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Villagers in Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 185
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Villagers (unidentified) standing in circle, Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 191
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Sjoerd Hofstra sitting in the yard of the guesthouse 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 195
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Group of four people posing in front of house 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 196
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Sjoerd Hofstra posing on the steps of the guesthouse 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 199
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Sjoerd Hofstra posing in the yard of the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 202
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Two people standing in the yard of the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 203
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Man and young boy/girl posing in the yard of the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 204
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Family posing in the yard of the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 205
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Man posing in the yard of the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 206
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Speaker and secretariat chief standing in the yard of the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 225
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Kaifala, Panguma's carpenter, posing in the yard of the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 227
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Group of people sitting in the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 230
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Two man posing in the yard of the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 235
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Woutje Hofstra, wife of Sjoerd Hofstra sitting behind a desk in the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 241
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
The garden of the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 242
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Sjoerd Hofstra sitting behind a table in the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 243
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Bathroom of the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 245
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
The view from the garden of the guesthouse, overlooking Panguma village 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 247
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows nudity. Many old pictures like this were taken by European visitors, colonial officials and missionaries, and we often cannot know whether the people in them agreed.
Women with children on the road 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 252
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Three men posing in the yard of the guesthouse 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 255
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Panguma Village houses, Sierra Leone 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 260
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Five people posing in front of a house 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 266
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
People standing on the road 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 270
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Landscape shot of the wild, with trees and a hill in the background 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 272
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Man sitting in the garden of the guesthouse 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 277
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Photo taken from high up, showing Panguma from above 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 280
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Wide shot of Panguma late 1934, showing road running through with huts and trees either side 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 281
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Person standing on top of hut - possibly building it? Two men on the ground holding tree branches 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 284
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Person stood atop a hut, with two boys in bottom left of frame 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 287
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Woman sitting in the garden of the guesthouse 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 289
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A hillside 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 290
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Shot of trees with hills in background 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 299
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Landscape shot - trees and hills 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 301
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Open area in village, four people pictured 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 307
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Group of people standing in front of house 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 318
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Photo taken picturing Panguma down the end of a road 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 322
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Group of 4 assembled by doorway of house, looking down at camera 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 324
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Group assembled by doorway to house, looking at camera 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 327
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Man and woman sitting and posing in the garden of the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 328
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Women standing before a house, probably doing the laundry 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 330
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Panguma Village late 1934 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 343
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A long road in Panguma village, structures visible on the left 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 344
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Multiple huts with tall trees in the background 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 345
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Tree centre, two houses behind with four people visible 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 346
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A photograph of an alley in Panguma, with houses visible 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 347
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Wide photograph of Panguma, a truck is pictured in centre 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 348
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Man and woman standing on the side of the road with fishing nets and wood 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 367
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows nudity. Many old pictures like this were taken by European visitors, colonial officials and missionaries, and we often cannot know whether the people in them agreed.
Woman on the road, returning from fishing and collecting fire wood, Panguma rainy season 1934 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 368
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Sjoerd Hofstra sitting behind desk in the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 385
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Woutje Hofstra sitting in the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 386
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Garden of the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 387
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
The guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 389
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Three men sitting and posing in the garden of the guesthouse 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 392
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Rest house Panguma with Sjoerd Hofstra on staircase, taken by Mr Robert, missionary from Bunumbu, February… 1934
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra2.4
Photograph: Mr. Robert (missionary form Bunumbu) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Panguma (Sierra Leone) with local lorry for Hangha, late 1934 1934
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra4.16
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
About twenty people gathered in front of dwellings, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone009
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
The chief's speaker and secretary, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone046
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Freetown Lighthouse, postcard early 1930s 1935
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra2.1
Unknown photographer · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Rest house, Panguma summer 1936 1936
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra7.3
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Sjoerd Hofstra at work with Mende informants in the rest house, Panguma 1936 1936
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra7.4
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Two women fishing, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone002
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A nomoli, a carved stone figure, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone012
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A nomoli, a carved stone figure, Panguma (second view) Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone018
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Two people carrying loads on their heads, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone037
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Four people in a village, Europeans among them, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone038
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Four boys watching and listening, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone041
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Four boys sitting on a tree branch, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone042
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Three people in local dress, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone043
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Men and boys gathered with the Paramount Chief, Panguma Photographed c. 1935
Original title: SierraLeone044
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Woman carrying a child on her back, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone045
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Yengbelie, the night watchman, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone048
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone049
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A low house among trees, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone050
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Thomas Conteh, Hofstra's interpreter, in the guesthouse yard, Panguma Photographed c. 1935
Original title: SierraLeone051
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Panguma and the country around it from above Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone052
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A house among trees, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone053
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A village street, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone054
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Three riders in a valley, near Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone055
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A man standing before the open country, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone057
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A railway station, place not recorded, 1935 Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone059
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Crossing a river by hanging bridge with a load on the head, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone060
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
The roof of a large building, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone061
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
People going up a hill in Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone062
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A rock that looks like a face, Panguma Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone063
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A street in Freetown, 1935 Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone064
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A house and tree, roof in view, place not recorded Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone066
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Freetown from above, 1935 Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone067
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
06
The people of Panguma
Panguma, postcard early 1910s 1910s
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra2.3
Photograph: Alphonso Lisk-Carew · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Fourah Bay College, Freetown, postcard early 1930s 1930s
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra2.2
Unknown photographer · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Woutje Hofstra, M.F 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 006
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Woutje Hofsta, M.F 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 007
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Unidentified women with Children, Panguma, Sierra Leone, 1934-1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 009
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Unidentified man with children playing, Panguma, Sierra Leone, 1934-1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 011
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows nudity. Many old pictures like this were taken by European visitors, colonial officials and missionaries, and we often cannot know whether the people in them agreed.
Five women seated (unidentified), Panguma, Sierra Leone, 1934-1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 012
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Group of women and children (unidentified), Panguma, Sierra Leone, 1934-1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 014
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Unidentified family in Panguma, Sierra Leone, 1934-1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 024
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Yengbelie - Nightwatchman, standing in a garden/ field 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 025
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Town watchman Yengbeke, Panguma March 1934 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 026
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Group of men posing 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 027
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Group of men and woman posing 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 028
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Man and boys standing in a field 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 031
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Young men posing in front of a field 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 036
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Unidentified couple in Panguma, Sierra Leone, 1934-1936 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 038
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Children playing in Sand, place unidentified 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 039
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Man and woman posing in front of a field 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 040
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Three unidentified people posing 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 045
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A young man stood in the garden 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 048
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Young man posing with a bike 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 054
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Panguma, 1934–36 (a faded plate) 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 057
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Group of men and young boys standing and sitting along the Paramount chief 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 069
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows nudity. Many old pictures like this were taken by European visitors, colonial officials and missionaries, and we often cannot know whether the people in them agreed.
Group of women - three sat front, five behind (man just outside frame) 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 094
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Sjoerd Hofstra and small boy from Lalehun who helps in the kitchen, Panguma late 1934 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 120
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
'Boy' Selu on chair made by carpenter (standing), Panguma March 1934 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 126
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Speaker Boakani (tallest man) and the chief's secretary and brother Rashid, Panguma March 1934 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 127
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Unidentified group of men on car in Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 129
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A double exposure photo depicting a gathering of women indoors - Sjoerd Hofstra's wife Woutje visible in… 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 136
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows nudity. Many old pictures like this were taken by European visitors, colonial officials and missionaries, and we often cannot know whether the people in them agreed.
Two women (unidentified) washing themselves, Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 137
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Unidentified women posing, Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 147
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows nudity. Many old pictures like this were taken by European visitors, colonial officials and missionaries, and we often cannot know whether the people in them agreed.
Three women sat front, five stood behind 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 172
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows nudity. Many old pictures like this were taken by European visitors, colonial officials and missionaries, and we often cannot know whether the people in them agreed.
Three women sat front - five behind 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 176
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Woman and child (unidentified) washing themselves, Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 178
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Photograph of a chopped tree stump on the ground 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 180
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Man (unidentified) standing, Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 182
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Sjoerd Hofstra with with M.F 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 184
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A nomoli figurine posed for a photo 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 189
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A nomoli figurine posed for a photo, facing to the right 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 190
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Nomoli figurine posed with other various 'medicines', usually buried outside peoples' homes to ward off… 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 194
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Group of people (unidentified) posing 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 200
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Women and child (unidentified) washing, Panguma, Sierra Leone 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 213
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A shot of people in Panguma sat underneath shade, looking on at something occurring to the right 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 220
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A portrait shot of a man wearing a black hat and robe 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 228
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Four children sat on a branch looking on - photo has an exposure on top of it 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 229
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Group of men and young boys standing and sitting along the Paramount chief, James Ynee 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 232
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Man sat with bowl and plates, man stood next to him 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 249
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Group of women gathered around pots, one to the right by herself 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 251
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Group of men and boys gathered around food, taken from behind 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 256
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Seven boys sat on branches, watching/listening intently 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 282
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Group of men seated with child centre 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 291
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows nudity. Many old pictures like this were taken by European visitors, colonial officials and missionaries, and we often cannot know whether the people in them agreed.
A group of women, one centre carrying something on her back 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 292
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
People sitting in the shade, facing away from camera 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 296
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Sjoerd Hofstra, centre 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 308
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Bundle of sticks tied to stick in centre 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 311
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Bundle of sticks tied to a stick in centre 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 315
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Three men centre sat down, between two men in foreground 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 337
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Group of men with their backs turned to camera, watching something 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 339
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
9 women sitting with their backs against the wall, wearing white 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 341
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Chief James Ynee (with staff) and other important persons, Panguma March 1934 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 349
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
7 men - 1 possibly Hofstra (middle top) 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 391
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Group photo taken in Panguma(?) 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 393
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Two children and an unidentified woman walking in the wilderness 1934–36
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 398
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Woutje Hofstra standing in a field 1934
Original title: SierraLeone Hofstra 407
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Chief James Ynee (with staff) and other important persons, Panguma (Sierra Leone) 1934
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra2.10
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Interpreter Conteh, Panguma March 1934 1934
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra2.5
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Nurse Ndoko, Panguma March 1934 1934
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra2.7
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Seated company and military chapel standing behind, Kailahun May 1934 1934
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra3.1
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Women returning from fishing and collecting fire wood, Panguma (Sierra Leone), rainy season 1934 1934
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra4.1
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Panguma (Sierra Leone), late 1934 1934
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra4.14
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Woman with child, Panguma (Sierra Leone), 1934 1934
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra4.2
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
This picture shows nudity. Many old pictures like this were taken by European visitors, colonial officials and missionaries, and we often cannot know whether the people in them agreed.
A group of women, Panguma (Sierra Leone), 1934 1934
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra4.3
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Population form: number of births 1935
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra4.7
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Population form: number of deaths 1935
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra4.8
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Woutje Hofstra nursing Mende people, Panguma 1936 1936
Original title: SierraLeoneHofstra7.7
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
Five carved objects, photographed at Panguma, 1935 Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone011
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture
A crowd by the harbour, Freetown, 1935 Photographed 1935
Original title: SierraLeone068
Sjoerd Hofstra · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons · Source ↗ · Report this picture